Setting Free Fault Location for Three-Terminal Hybrid Transmission Lines Connected With Conventional and Renewable Resources

Three-terminal hybrid transmission lines (TTHTLs) are attractive from both environmental and commercial view. Hybrid growing due to urbanization, connecting an industrial load renewable integration. A TTHTL comprises sections of overhead underground/subsea cables or with different X/R ratios. Faulted section identification (FSI) is key for defining the adaptive/selective auto-reclosing scheme estimation fault location TTHTLs. In this paper, FSI algorithms proposed without using parameters any line section. Novelty methodology lies in a two-stage approach problem. first stage, series impedance all calculated closed loop formulae. These then utilized identifying faulted second above used estimate complete including shunt capacitance subsequently location. The advantage method that it does not require initial guess parameters, non-iterative provides correct features make suitable designing selective protection TTHTLs within traditional relaying hardware. More importantly, stage constitute good initialization values non-linear problem estimating parameters. This results better convergence algorithm accurate parameter estimation. developed solution verified PSCAD/EMTDC simulations connected conventional inverter-based resources. performance compared commercially available solutions, found be accurate. amenable implementation differential relays additional infrastructural changes.